VoFR, VoIP and ATM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research on Meth Addiction Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Meth Addiction - Research Paper Example There were endeavors to control them through guideline through the Food and Drug Administration just as by law implementation. In any case, these illegal medications are as yet a piece of our general public, frequently having comorbidity with different parts of wrongdoing, which disturbs our general public. Methamphetamine is a very amazing opiate. It has various methods of being ingested into the body. Some of the time, it is infused using hypodermic needles, while different occasions it is grunted or smoked. Ordinarily, grunting will have the snappiest impact on the body because of the way that methamphetamine is lipid dissolvable, which implies it can interface past the blood mind hindrance quicker than some other course of organization. It was and still is the reason for some issues comparable to sedate maltreatment in our general public. It oppresses the client through incredible substance sedate reliance. This works since it changes the mind on a central level. Freud was one of the primary clinicians to state that people work on a delight standard. This compensating pathway in the cerebrum is known as the dopaminergenic reward pathway. Dopamine is one of the essential remunerating synapses in the mind and is liable for managing numerous activities, for example, hunger, sex, and so forth. Methamphetamine influences this framework by causing an enormous increment in the measure of dopamine. This is the reason medicate clients feel such a high euphoric impact. The withdrawal impacts of methamphetamine are likewise amazingly undesirable. In this way, medicate clients self-regulate a greater amount of the medication so as to not â€Å"crash†. Therefore, they become synthetically dependent. This happens because of the way that the cerebrum overhauls itself and doesn't discharge dopamine in the ordinary measures of an individual who doesn't utilize methamphetamine. Methamphetamine clients remark that while they are not utilizing the medication that there is an absence of feeling and everything appears to be dark. This is an essential help in urging the client to keep utilizing the medication because of physiological reaction. This physiological reaction is the thing that drives the mental and social reaction. It works in the two different ways of traditional and operant molding. Medication clients discover that with the medication they will encounter a condition of happiness. Subsequently, they create the physiological reliance to the medication, yet they likewise build up a mental habit. This thus energizes different parts of wrongdoing. Methamphetamine is normal in every social class, anyway it influences the lower classes the most. Frequently, a considerable lot of these lower class residents don't have an excess salary so as to fuel their illicit drug use. Subsequently, they go to other crimes so as to gracefully the salary required to fuel their propensity. This presentation to the medication frequently likewise causes issues a mong families. Methamphetamine can destroy families and regularly deserts kids with guardians bars. Prostitution is additionally regular for tranquilize clients in that they can accept methamphetamine as security for sexual favors. The reactions of the utilization of methamphetamine are wide and fluctuated. The way that methamphetamine is an energizer implies that it advance a wide assortment of nervousness and â€Å"twitchy† conduct. It can prompt mindfulness issues just as shortages in intellectual capacity and memory. As examined already, the dopaminergic reward framework is exceptionally invigorated when methamphetamine is in the framework and that drawn out use can prompt dopamine shortage. This puts high, ceaseless methamphetamine use

What Is a Nervous Breakdown

What Is a Nervous Breakdown Basics Print What Is a Nervous Breakdown? The meaning of the term and its clinical significance today By Allison Abrams, LCSW-R facebook twitter linkedin Allison Abrams, LCSW-R, is a licensed psychotherapist, mental health advocate, and author covering relationships, mindfulness, and self-care. Learn about our editorial policy Allison Abrams, LCSW-R Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 22, 2020  GettyImages More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Many misconceptions surround the term “nervous breakdown.”  While a nervous breakdown is often used to describe periods when normal functioning is disrupted by extreme stress, the term is not considered an actual psychiatric condition or medical diagnosis. Instead, a nervous breakdown is a catchall, colloquial phrase that describes symptoms that may represent a number of different psychiatric conditions. The critical characteristic is that these symptoms are intense and make it very difficult for the individual to function normally. What Is a Nervous Breakdown? Psychiatrist and author Dr. Gail Saltz gives a brief description of the term nervous breakdown. Nervous breakdown was a term used decades ago to describe any number of feelings of being extremely overwhelmed with symptoms ranging from depression to anxiety to psychosis such that behaviorally your functioning was seriously impaired. Some  descriptors of the term  found in the medical literature, primarily  prior to the 1960s, include: A point of acute distress that affects our ability to function or meet daily responsibilitiesA mix of anxiety and depression brought on by stress, time-limited, usually as a response to external circumstancesCan be referring to a range of conditions from depression to  complete psychosis, or break with reality, including hallucinations and delusionsCan develop over time, as an accumulation of stressors, or as a result of an acute crisisA standard part of American vocabulary sometimes in the testimony of great psychological pain, of an impending clash between external forces and internal capacities Today  the term has no clinical meaning or value. It is often used as a laymans term to describe periods when people experience symptoms of severe distress. Unfortunately, this usage often dismisses peoples emotional turmoil in a way that is pejorative or even stigmatizing. Typically it’s used in the lay press to denote some acute episode of psychiatric symptoms, says Dr. Sean Luo, Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center.  However, this is not a medical term and...it’s certainly not clinically precise. Origins of the Term According to Dr.  Nwayieze  Chisara  Ndukwe, Psychiatry Fellow at Mount Sinai Beth  Israel, the term nervous breakdown gained popularity in the early 20th century. Colloquially, it was usually used to describe a major personal crisis of almost any kind. She goes on to explain that following the First and Second World Wars, when  physicians had to treat the enormous psychological toll endured by combatants, focus shifted from  mental institutions to a more clinical perspective. Further, a disease model was developed that proposed to explain nervous breakdowns which would later be called the psychological distresses, encountered by soldiers.   She says that this  would later give rise to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM),?? the manual psychiatrists use to assist in diagnosis. The DSM then gave specific names to specific disorders that in the past would have all been lumped into nervous breakdown.  As mental health became better understood and less stigmatized, the general population’s exposure and adoption of these more specific terms (depression, anxiety, panic attack, etc.) became more commonplace.   Lastly, she notes we now know there are  several situations, genetic factors, and experiences that are more commonly associated with a decline in functioning, and result in a nervous breakdown, but there are also several factors that are unknown. The use of the term declined after the 1960s. Although it is outdated, Ndukwe says, it is still used often as a catchphrase to refer to emotional or psychological distressâ€"usually by those not familiar with mental health.   Symptoms While the term nervous breakdown lacks clinical significance, there are a number of symptoms that are often associated with such periods of intense distress. These include: DepressionLack of interest in activitiesLow motivationMood swingsFeelings of physical illnessEmotional numbnessStomach acheDifficulty sleepingAnxiety or panic attacksTrouble concentratingSocial withdrawal Because a nervous breakdown is such a nebulous term, it may indicate anything from depression to anxiety to schizophrenia. It often suggests that a person is having a great deal of trouble coping and has checked out from their normal routine. They may have stopped socializing or might be unable to manage daily self-care routines including eating, getting out of bed, or showering. The symptoms people experience during this time may range from mild to much more severe. Some people may experience thoughts of suicide or self-harm. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911. Causes There are a number of factors that can contribute to what is referred to as a nervous breakdown. Underlying mental health conditions are often a contributing factor, but life stresses often also play a role. Sometimes this stress is chronic and seems to build up over time until a person simply cannot cope anymore. In other cases, crisis situations can trigger an acute period of intense distress that leads to symptoms of a breakdown. Some factors that might contribute to a breakdown include: Job lossDivorceDeath of a loved oneFinancial problemsAcademic problems or pressuresWork-related stressMoving  AbuseTrauma While some people are able to cope with such struggles, others may be less resilient when faced with extreme stress. Poor coping skills, lack of self-care, low social support, poor interpersonal relationships, unhealthy coping mechanisms, and untreated mental illness may all contribute to the onset of what people refer to as a nervous breakdown. Treatment When people seek treatment for a nervous breakdown, it is often because they are experiencing severe symptoms that require immediate intervention. Hospitalization may be necessary for short-term stabilization and then longer-term therapy and medications may be utilized. The exact type of treatment that is used depends on the patients diagnosis, which may vary. Some individuals may be diagnosed with depression, others might be diagnosed with an anxiety condition, while others might be diagnosed with another psychiatric condition. Depending upon the diagnosis, treatment might involve individual counseling, group therapy, family therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or some other form of psychotherapy. Medications including antidepressants may also be prescribed alone or in conjunction with therapy. Related Words and Meanings There are some other terms and phrases related to the term nervous breakdown that are often used synonymously. These include: Nervous diseases:  Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, is credited with being one of the first scientists to demonstrate the measurability of mental phenomena. According to the New York Academy of Sciences, “he gave a tremendous impetus to the study of  phenomena that previously had been designated psychical and unsuitable for exploration by scientific methodology.”?? In the late 19th century, through his famous experiments involving salivation in dogs as a response to the ringing of a bellâ€"an external stimulusâ€" he was able to link the physiological, environmental and intrapsychic effects on our nervous system  (for example,  rapid heartbeat as a symptom in anxiety disorders or specific phobias).  Around this same time,  terms such as nervous disease, nervous exhaustion, and finally, as described below, “nervous breakdown”, would eventually work their way into our everyday vernacular.?? Break-down: The term “breakdown” was first  recorded  in  1825 as a  noun  form  of  the verb  phrase  break  down.  Today, it is often used to describe a mental break-down in which a persons normal functioning is severely impaired. The Importance of Proper Terminology Essentially stamped out by modern medicine and replaced with the DSM and psychopharmacology, the use of the term “nervous breakdown” is a colloquial remnant of a time when little was understood about mental illness and an unfortunate reminder of the ignorance that continues to pervade society. “As the mental health fields have advanced, we have come up with scientific, valid, and meaningful descriptors for mental health problems and disorders,” says Dr. Katie Davis. “Now, when we talk about depression, we can label the disorder itself, and we can describe the specific symptoms, like insomnia, suicidal thoughts, loss of energy, and sleep problems.” Davis stresses the importance of using proper and specific terminology so that we reduce the stigma of mental health issues and get into the habit of talking about these disorders openly, honestly, and objectively. “The language we use to describe mental health disorders can either maintain or reduce the stigma attached to mental health disorders,” says Davis. ”We need to choose our words precisely.” A Word From Verywell If you or someone you love is experiencing symptoms of what is sometimes referred to as a nervous breakdown, dont be afraid to talk to your doctor. Reaching out to a physician or mental health professional can lead to appropriate diagnosis, support, and treatment.

The Effects of Social Media in the Workplace - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 879 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? The main goal of this paper is to discuss the positive effects and value that social media presents to a company if it is used properly. Today, technology is constantly growing. Almost everyone owns a smartphone, computer, or tablet/iPad device, and a greater majority of those people use some form of social media to connect with the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effects of Social Media in the Workplace" essay for you Create order Most businesses have recognized this, and they understand the importance of the growing demand for technology and social media. They also understand how easy it is to show their present themselves through various forms of communication. Throughout the remainder of this paper, two well-known construction companies will be presented, and the uses of social media will be presented for each. One of these companies takes full advantage of several forms of social media, and while the other uses it to a certain extent, their use could be expanded to help them grow. Company Backgrounds EMJ Corporation Since their founding in 1968, EMJ Corporation has been a well-known general contractor that strives to deliver quality construction projects to their clients while maintaining exceptional customer service at the same time (EMJ EMJ, n.d.). Over the years, this goal has not only helped them succeed at building relationships with a variety of clients, but it has also allowed them the opportunity to complete a wide variety of projects in 47 states and expand their presence through multiple offices in the United States (EMJ EMJ, n.d.). Though they started small and worked their way to the top, EMJ uses a variety of resources to make their presence known while allowing their clients and employees to remain in contact with the new developments they are making as a company. Blalock Building Company Blalock Building Company is a smaller, lesser known general contractor that was formed in 2006. Though they may be younger and smaller than many other general contractors, their goals of Skill, Honesty, and Integrity have earned them the right to complete multiple projects local to their home base of Trussville, Alabama, and it has also allowed them to build relationships with a variety of clients in the retail and entertainment industry (Blalock Building Company, n.d.). In being a smaller general contractor, their presence is not as widely recognized as other general contractors, but this does not make them any less successful as a company. Discussion EMJs Use of Social Media As it was mentioned above in their company background, EMJ performs numerous projects across the United States every year, and one of the main reasons that they continue to do so is because of the customer service they provide their clients, but they also put forth a great amount of effort into making their presence known, through multiple forms of social media. Earlier this year, EMJ posted an article to their website that goes more into depth about the importance of social media to their business. Not only is this beneficial to the clients EMJ is already servicing, but by using multiple platforms such as websites, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn, EMJ can advertise their abilities as a company, and this allows new clients to see the work they perform (How EMJ uses the power of social media, 2018). By doing this, EMJ has presented themselves in a way that appeals to the constant evolving industry of construction, and they fully expect to reap the rewards of this additional e ffort they have put forth. Blalocks Use of Social Media Being a small and young general contractor can be difficult in a constant evolving construction industry. As discussed in their company background, Blalock has been successful in building partnerships which have ultimately led to their success, but one area where they lack presence is in the social media world. Though they take advantage of presenting their success and current project through their company website, the only other forms of social media that can be found on their behalf is a company LinkedIn page, and an unofficial Facebook page. While their LinkedIn page does cover some similar content as their company website, their Facebook page is not up to date, and it fails to mention any current projects or information about what is happening within their company. It would seem the relationships they have established with some companies is enough to keep them busy in the industry, but the lack of social media presence could be preventing them from being discovered by other possi ble clients they could benefit from. Conclusion Upon reviewing each of these general contracting companies, there is a substantial gap in the amount of social media each company does or does not take advantage of using. The idea of this paper is not to define a companys success based solely off their presence on social media, but it does provide an outlet to benefit a companys success. Social media can play a role in keeping clients or company personnel informed on the day to day processes of business, and it can open the door to meeting new clients and expanding ones business. Today, technology is becoming more and more prevalent in the workplace, and while it may be hard to believe, something as simple as a Facebook post or Tweet can make all the difference in a companys success and success.

Multicultural Education And The Early Childhood Education

Abstract Multicultural education should be made to become an important component in the early childhood education. We live in a country which is culturally diverse. The cultural, racial and ethnic composition of preschools in the United States is becoming very diverse. Because of this diversity multicultural education needs to be implemented within early childhood education. Early childhood educators need to be educated in my academy in order for them to be able to foster the children’s knowledge and to be aware of their cultural differences. The reason of this case study is see how we can educate our preschool teacher’s to be able to understand and implement multicultural education in their classrooms. â€Å"The implementation of multicultural education requires teachers to examine their own values, knowledge, and teaching practices about diversity to avoid biased multicultural education.† (Brown Marchant, 2002). Multicultural educati on should be made to become an important component in the early childhood education. The present day trend in demography in a large number of countries is among the increasing heterogeneity that leads to having cultural conflicts and tensions. People across the world should accept the fact that there is need for them to co-exist in unity and harmony. This can only be realized if there is genuine acceptance and respect for differences. The focus of this case study is to look at implementing multiculturalShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Perspectives in Early Childhood Education2629 Words   |  11 PagesB341: Multicultural Perspectives in Early Childhood Education 20120825 Paula Ann Signal The purpose of this essay is to critically examine the multicultural perspectives of Te WhÄ riki (Ministry of Education [MOE], 1996), the early childhood education curriculum of Aotearoa. In order to accomplish this, I will examine the term ‘multiculturalism’, its place in early childhood education and its historical context, and the concepts of individualistic and collectivist approaches to childrearingRead MoreFor The Past Two Decades, Canadian Population Is Increasingly1439 Words   |  6 Pages For the past two decades, Canadian population is increasingly diverse and multicultural by the huge wave of newcomers who will adopt and immerse different â€Å"cultural practices† in contributing to the national development (Parent Clydesdale, 2016). Canada is also one of the first countries in the world that has issued multicultural official policy since 1971. The concept of multiculturalism is referred to academic views about the equality and respect for variant cultures, religions, races and behavioursRead MoreDevelopmentally Appropriate Practice1675 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Education (ECE). Although ECE has been around since the creation of kindergarten in the 1800’s, the decade of the 1980’s was an important period for ECE. â€Å"By the 1980’s, meta-analysis of the well-designed US projects offered compelling evidence on the positive outcomes of [early childhood education and intervention] † (Woodhead, 2007). Therefore, there was much pressure to improve the state of education, including ECE. â€Å"The decade of the 1980’sRead MoreEssay about Improving Education through Cultural Diversity1087 Words   |  5 Pagescultural diversity is the coexistence of different culture, ethnic, race, gender in one specific unit. In order, for America to be successful, our world must be a multicultural world. This existence starts within our learning facilities where our students and children are educated. This thesis is â€Å"changing the way America, sees education through cultural diversity, has been co existing in many countries across the world. These changes begin in any learning environment; where our families, friendsRead MoreHow Theories Of Education Have Changed Thought The Years1647 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' In this paper I will show my research on how theories of education have changed thought the years and how teachers and students adapt to these changes. With the changes in multicultural classrooms and how students with disabilities have rights in public education. All early childhood theories have changed so much though the years based on a diverse multicultural world and new laws to protect students, have been put into place to aid these children. Research that was taken backRead MoreDiversity and Difference in Early Childhood Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesTOPIC: Diversity and Difference in Early Childhood Education Personal interest: My first awareness of racial identity and diversity occurred when I was in Year 3. Having being raised acknowledging acceptance of people of racial or cultural difference my thoughts of children of colour were positive and impartial. However, one day a boy in my class of Sri Lankan descent got into trouble with another student, but only the Sri Lankan boy was asked to go to the principal’s office. During our lunchRead MoreEarly Childhood : A Learning Type Of Environment Place Or Programs1563 Words   |  7 Pages Early childhood appears to be a learning type of environment place or programs; that tries to develop the whole child with the parents as the first teachers and professionals as children second teacher. Early childhood is where professional promote and prepare children of all walks of life, all different types of back grounds, different special needs and different types of disabilities. From ages zero –two and three - five years old learn through their environment. Early childhood programsRead MoreSocial Inequality And Stereotyping Cultures From Political Power1384 Words   |  6 PagesDue: 25 August 2014 By: Kody Williamson (s4350274) Tutor: Dr Joy Kennedy Youdell (2012) argues that the singular and one-off multicultural events reproduce majority/minority, Same/Other relations in their display of minoritises cultures for the appreciation of or consumption by the majority. (p 153) This essay will look into the argument of how the one off multicultural events can be seen as racist, fostering social-inequality and stereotyping cultures from political power. It will also outlineRead MoreJOT2 Task 1 Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Linda M. Student ID: RJOT Task 1 I recently left a position at a small Early Childhood Education center in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The school consisted of children ranging in age of 6 weeks to 6 years. I worked there for eleven years in a variety of age groups. Most of my experience was in Preschool, with children who were three and four years old. The school was located in Point Park University located in the heart of downtown Pittsburgh, in one of the University’s dormRead MoreMulticultural Curriculum For A Multicultural Classroom1425 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I first started this class I was aware of multicultural curriculum but I was not aware of how important it was in a classroom setting. As the weeks have gone by in this class, I have learned that multicultural curriculum is important because it s a way for teachers to include all children from diverse backgrounds. As we ve have progressed in the study of multicultural curriculum we have learned to address important topics such as bi ases, social justice, stereotypes, the development of identity

As/Ad Model Free Essays

Macroeconomics – Chapter 10: The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model * Keynesian Economics – Economists who focused on the short run * John Maynard Keynes – their leading advocate the originator of macroeconomics as a separate discipline from micro * Classical Economists – economists who focused on long-run issues such as growth * Aggregate Demand Management – government’s attempt to control the aggregate level of spending in the economy * Equilibrium Income – the level of income toward which the economy gravitates in the short run because of the cumulative cycles of declining or increasing production * Potential Income – the level of income that the economy is technically capable of producing without generating accelerating inflation * Paradox of Thrift – and increase in savings can lead to a decrease in expenditures, decreasing output and causing a recession * Multiplier Model – the model that was meant to ca pture Keynesian economics * This model emphasized aggregate output fluctuations * Explored why those output fluctuations generally would not lead to wild fluctuations in output – depressions * Instead lead to smaller fluctuations – recessions * The AS/AD Model – aggregate supply/aggregate demand Is a pedagogical model – designed to give a framework to organize thinking about macro economy * Does not focus on problems that occur because of interactions between individuals * Consists of 3 curves * Short-run aggregate supply (SAS) curve * Aggregate demand (AD) curve * Long-run aggregate supply (LAS) curve – highest sustainable level of output * The price level of all goods is on the vertical axis and the aggregate output is on the horizontal axis * It is a historical model – starts at one point in time and says what will likely happen when changes affect the economy * Aggregate expenditures (demand) – the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports – p. 234 * Discuss the historical development of macroeconomics * The depression began in the 1930s and lasted 10 years * During he depression output fell by 30% and unemployment rose to 25% * This was the beginning of macro’s focus on the demand side of economics * Keynes started asking what short run forces were causing the Depression and what society could do to counteract them * This created the framework that focuses on short-run issues such as business cycles and how to stabilize output fluctuations * By the 1950s, Keynesian economics had been accepted by most economists and taught almost everywhere in the US * In the 1970s inflation became a serious issue which meant that the multiplier model was not very helpful * It assumed that the price level is fixed * The standard model taught in macro then shifted to the Aggregate Supply/Aggregate Demand (AS/AD) model * Explain the shape to the aggregate demand curve and what factors s hift the curve * Aggregate demand (AD) curve – a curve that shows how a change in price level will change aggregate expenditures on all goods and services * It is downward-sloping The reasons for the downward slope are due to the: * Interest rate effect – the effect that a lower price level has on investment expenditures through the effect that a change in the price level has on interest rates – p. 234 * International effect – as the price level falls (assuming the exchange rate does not change), net exports will rise – p. We will write a custom essay sample on As/Ad Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now 234 * Money wealth effect (real balance effect) – a fall in the price level will make the holders of money richer, so they buy more – p. 234 * The multiplier effect strengthens each of these effects * Multiplier effect – the amplification of initial changes in expenditures – p. 235 * Shifts in the AD curve – means that at every price level, total expenditures have changed – p. 236 * Shift factors of aggregate demand: Foreign Income – recessions and expansions occurring in other countries cause demand for US goods decreases or increases respectively * Exchange Rate Fluctuations – when a country’s currency loses value, relative to foreign currencies, demand for foreign goods decreases and demand for domestic goods increases; exports also increase * Distribution of income – * Expectations – expectations of future output and future prices * Government Policies – spending policy, tax policy, etc – p. 238 * When consumption expenditures increase, the AD curve shifts to the right, when consumption expenditures decrease, the AD curve shifts to the left * Explain the shape of the short-run aggregate supply curve and what factors shift the curve – p. 39 * Short-run Aggregate Supply (SAS) curve – a curve that specifies how a shift in the aggregate demand curve affects the price level and real output in the short run, other things constant * The curve is upward-sloping which means that other things constant, an increase in output is accompanied by an rise in price level * When aggregate demand increases, the price level rises * Two reasons that the SAS curve slopes upward, other things constant: * Upward-sloping curves in auction markets * Firms’ tendency to increase their markup when demand increases * The shape of the SAS curve reflects two different types of markets * The auction market – markets represented by the supply/demand model * Posted-price ma rkets – prices are set by the producers and change infrequently * Often called Quantity-adjusting Markets – markets in which firms respond to changes in demand primarily by changing production instead of changing their prices * Shifts in the SAS curve: – p. 239 Changes in input prices, such as wages or supply costs * If input prices rise, the SAS curve shifts up, if input prices fall, the SAS curve shifts down * Change in the productivity factors of production * An increase in productivity shifts the curve down * A reduction of input costs per unit of output shifts the curve down * Changes in import prices of final goods * Import prices are a shift factor because they are a component of an economy’s price level * When import prices rise the SAS curve shifts up * Changes in excise and sales tax * Higher sales tax shifts the curve up * How much will the curve shift: The percentage change in wages and other factor prices minus changes in productivity * If pr oductivity rises by 3% and wages rise by 7%, we can expect that the price level will rise by 4% for a given level of output * Explain the shape of the long-run aggregate supply (LAS)curve – p. 241 * Long-run aggregate supply (LAS)curve – a curve that shows the long run relationship between output and the price level * The position of the LAS curve is determined by potential output * Just where to position the curve is somewhat in debate * The range is bounded by a high level of output and a low level of output and the LAS curve can be thought of as being the mid-point of that range * The shape of the LAS curve * The LAS curve is vertical At potential output all resources are being fully utilized * A rise in the price level mean that the price of goods and factors of production, including wages, will rise * Show the effects of shifts of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves on the price level and output in both the short run and long run – p. 243 * Short run equilibrium is where the SAS curve and the AD curve intersect * If the AD curve shifts to the right * Price level will rise * Output will increase * If the SAS curve shifts up * Price level wil l rise * Output will decrease * Long run equilibrium is where the LAS and AD curves intersect * AD curve can only determine price level, it has no effect on output * If the AD increases, price levels rise Explain how dynamic feedback effects can destabilize the economy – p. 246 * * Discuss the limitations of the macro policy model – p. 250 * Fiscal policy – changing government spending and tax policy is a slow process * Changes cannot be completed in a timely fashion * Potential output cannot be measured accurately * Many other interrelationships that the model does not take into account * Rate of unemployment fluctuates and is difficult to predict * Falling asset prices and falling price level on expectations of aggregate demand * When there are pressures for price levels to fall there are also pressures for asset prices to fall How to cite As/Ad Model, Papers

Personal Information Essays - Hangzhou, Xiasha District,

Personal Information Name: Bonilla Gomez Danny Sebastian Aldemar Address: Xuelin Street 683 , Xiasha Higher Education zone, Hangzhou, China Telephone: +86 18705813044 E-mail: [emailprotected] Nationality: Colombian Date of birth: 29 October 1993 Education and training 2014 - present. Studying International Trade and Economics at Zhejiang Sci -Tech University, Hangzhou, China 2013 - 2014. Studied Chinese Language at Zhejiang Sci -Tech University, Hangzhou, China 2011 - 20 13 . Studied International Trade at Francisco de Paula Santander University, Cucuta, Colombia 2011-2012. Studied English Language at Mint Academy, Cucuta, Colombia 2010. High School Diploma at San Luis Gonzaga High School, Chinacota , Colombia Work experience 2012-2013 Modatex Puntadas - logistics of trade . Textile industry Personal skills and competences Languages Mother tongue(s): Spanish Other language(s): English (understanding, speaking, writing) Chinese (understanding, speaking) Computer skills and competences Operation System : Windows XP - W indows Vista Microsoft Office , Office 2010, 2013 Additional information Interested in get experience on my present career, improve my Chinese and improve professional skills Future Plans Work in China and worldwide